Calculating-machine.



E. L. DE FOREST.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION rum) F313. 2, 1912.

1,064,451 Patented June 10, 1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Q @HQ 3 Q i: 232mm 88 w @5005 CV; cm I'M E. L. DE FORE-ST. CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 2, 1912.

Patented June 10, 1913.

5 SHEETBSHEET'2.

HIHHH luvs/nah I ATTORNEY E. L. DE FOREST.

CALCULATING MACHINE;

APPLICATION FILED rmm, 1912.

Patented June 10, 1913.

5BHEET8-BKEET s.

IIWENTUI? ATTORNEY E. L, DE FOREST. CALCULATING MACHINE.

I APPLIOATION FILED FEB.2, 1912. 1 064 451 Patented June 10, 1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

@R w s Z k w 7 g i? a 0% w w Hi i C\ J I'IWENTOI? g m B E. L. DE FOREST. CALCULATING MAGEINE,

APPLIOATIOK rum? FEB. 2, 1912.

1,064,451, Patented June 10, 1913.

5 sums-SEEM 5.

INVENTOR ATTORNEY EDWARDvL. DE FOREST, WESTHAMPTON, NEW YORK.

CALCULATING-MACHINE. v

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 10,191 3.

Application filed February 2, 1912. Serial No. 674,948

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, EDWARD L. DE Fonnsr, a citizen of the United States, residing at \Vesthampton, in the county of Suffolk and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Calculating-Machines,- of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to calculating machines and is directed to the pro-vision of a machine of an improved construction wherey by mathematical calculations may be performed rapidly, conveniently and accurately.

One of the primary objects of the inven tion is to provide a machine for multiplying so constructed that but asingle operation is necessary in order to produce the result of the multiplication in the reading space of the machine. In this respect the invention is radically distinguished from machines of the type known as key-set machines em.- ploying slide-bars, wherein the slide-bars are positioned in accordance with the depression of keys of a key-board and thereafter an operating handle is operated as many times as the number by which it is desired to multiply the number set up upon the key board of the machine. For instance, in a machine of this type when used for multiplying by the digit 9, it would be necessary to move the operating handle nine times, thereby adding the number set up upon the key-board of the machine nine times. In accordance with the present invention, how ever, the method of procedure is radically different. The operating handle or key is moved but once to multiply by a single number and in such movement it actuates suit able parts so that the product obtained by the multiplication may be readat once.

Vhile one of'the principal features of the invention resides in the construction Whereby multiplication can be effected in the manner above indicated, the machine may also be used for performingcalculations in addition and subtraction, and therefore I do not wish to be limited as to the character of the principles of my with the casing removed and broken away in part, Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the machine on lines'22 of Figs. 1 and 3, Fig. 2 is a top view of a portion of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2', Fig. 3 is a front view of the machine broken away and sectioned in part, Fig. 4 is a View partly in horizontal section and partly in plan showing the numberwheels, Fig. 5 is a detail sectional elevation on line 5-5 of Fig. 4., Figs. 6 and 7 are de- .tail views showing a portioi or the mechanism shown in Fig. 4, Fig. #1 is sectional detail View hereinafterreferrrd to, Fig. 9 is a sectional detail view illustrating'a modification of theconstruction shown in the p1:c

ceding figures, Fig. 10 is a plan view of a portion of the mechanism shown 111 Fig. 9, Fig. 11 1s a detail elevation showing a pon tion of the mechanism shown in Fig. 9. Fig.

12 is a-sectional detail view on line :2 12 if Fig. 9, Fig. 13 is a sectional view of a portion of the mechanism shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 14 is a detail View of the escapement for the carriage.

. Referring first to'Figs. 1 to 8 inclusiv a shaft is shown at 1 (Figs. 1 and 3) which shaft is rotated onthe depression of any key of the key-board to an extent commensurate with the value of .the key depressed. The key-board mechanism is arranged in any suitable manner to effect this result. In the drawings I have shown a form of key-board mechanism for operating in this way, but it will be understood that the construction shown is illustrative only and may be modilied in any respect desired for use inconnection with parts operating in accordance with my invention. In the construction illustrated, a row of keys is provided, these keys being 3 numbered from zero to nine inelusive. ach key 2 is normally held elevated in the position in which it is shown in Fig. 3 by a spring 3. The keys have a definite range of movement downwardly against the tension of the springs 33, which downward movement being arrested in any suitable ]11t1.1l118I, :1S for instance, by the engage ment of the key with the support for the keys. Below the support the key-stems 4 are of varying length, the stem of the key number nine being the longest and the others being of progressively decreasing length. The lower end of each key-stem is adapted to engage and operate a universal bar 3 (Fig. 3). This bar is mounted at opposite ends so as to have a parallel, motion. 1 Its ends are shown as pivotally connected to the free ends of levers 6 which are pivotally mounted upon the frame of the instrument. A spring 7 acts upon one ofthe levers 6 to a normally hold the bar 5 inits upper position. Pivotally mounted upon the bar 5 is a raclclever 8 which is held by a spring 9 in engagement with teeth on a ratchet-wheel 10 secured upon a stub-shaft 11. This stubshaft is mounted for rotation in a bearing formed in the frame of the machine and has secured thereto a gear-wheel 12. This gear .meshes with a pinion 13 rigidly secured upon the shaft 1. The shaft 1 is mounted for rotation in.bearings formed in framemembers 14: and similar shafts 15, L6, 17, eto.,fare arranged parallel to the shaft 1 for rotation in bearings similarly provided. A. gear 18 is splined upon the shaft 1., the shaft being preferably of square cross-section and fitting snugly in a square opening extending through the gear. The gear 18 has secured thereto a member 19 provided with a circumferential groove in which a finger 20 is received. This finger is adapted to be moved by an operating handle 21. pro} jecting downwardly through the casing of the machine. When the gear 18 is in the position in which it is shown in Fig. 1, it meshes with an idler-gear 22 mounted on a stub-shaft carried by the frame-plate 14 and this idler-gear meshes all times with the gear 23 secured upon the shaft 15. When handle 21'is operated, the finger-'20 moves the member 19 and the gear 18 axially upon shaft 1 so that the gear 18 is out of mesh with the idler 22. The shafts 15, 16 and 17 are geared together by means of idler-gears 22 and gears 23 on the several shaft-s inthe manner above described. On each of theshafts 1, 15, 16 and 17 is splined a cylindrical setting member 24 provided with nine projecting fingers 25, the nine-fingers being arranged spirally upon the surface of the member 24- as they are-shown in Figs. 1 and 2. At one end themember 24 is provided with a circumferential groove adapted to receive studs 26 upon a yoke 27. This yokeis secured to an operating arm 28- (Fig. 2') whose head projects upwardly through a slot in the casing of-the instrument in the manner shown. in Fig. 2 A member 24 having spiralprojections thereon is provided upon each of the shafts 1. 15, 16, 17, etc, and each of. these members 24 is provided with an operating army 28 whereby the member. may be moved axially upon the shaft on which it is splined. Eachlof the slots in the casing ofthe instrument through which the head of an arm projects is provided with numbers along its edge from zero I to nine inclusive. Directly below each of the shafts 1, 15, 16, 17, etc, is a rod (Figs.

'tioned that on the 'depression of any key as 2 and 3)" which rod as a pivotal support for nine pawl-carrying arms 30. Each pawl-carrying arm 30 is normally held in the position in which: it is shown in Fig. 3 by a spring 31., the movement of the arm afiected by the spring being arrested by a suitable stop-rod 32. N ear its free end each arm 30 has a pawl 33 pivotally mounted thereon andactuated byv a spring 34- to hold it in contact with the part operated thereby.

The extreme ends of the arms 30 are adapted to be engaged by the pro ect1ons 25 on the arms Adjacent to each shaft 1, 15, 16,

17, etc., is a shaft 35 1 and 3) mounted for rotationjin bearings formed in the frame-plates 14. On each of the several shafts is aratchet-wh'eel 36 elongated in the direction of the axis of shaft 35 so that the nine pawls 33 upon thanine arms30 may coact therewith.

With the construction above described it; will be seen that when any one of the keys of the key-board is depressed, the shaft '1 will be rotated to an amount commensurate with that key. The gearing is so proporthe shaft 1 will make a number of revolue tions equal to the value of the depressed key. If the setting member 2etfup'on shaft 1 be moved axially upon the shaft by means of its handle 28 until theindex on that handle 9 points to the number 1 adjacent to the slot for the handle, then when the member 24 is rotated by the rotation ofshaft 1, only one of the projections 25 on the member 24: willengage a pawl-carrying arm 30, and therefore the ratchet 36 secured on shaft will be actuated one step or a dist-anceequal to. one tooth of the ratchet .duringea'ch revo- 'lution'of shaft 1.- In other wordaif the member 24.:nnshaft 1 be moved tothe posi 1 tion corresponding to thenumberf 1 73' and the nine -key in the key-'boardbe then dopressed, the shaft 1 will be caused to make jnine complete revolutions; each time, it.

makes a revolution, one projection 25 on arm 24 will engage-a corresponding arm 30 and actuate that arm against the tension of its spring 31 and causethe pawl 33 by arm 30 to actuate theficorrespon ratchet 36 one step.v If, onf lth'e' oth band. 1 the member 24 had been moved 'gh' fullrange so that the indeififnp ing arm pointed to the figur I v I scale adjacent to the slot'iii the' casing for that operating arm,then when the 9 key was depressed to. cause nine revolutions of the shaft l,-all of the projecting fingers 25 upon the cylinder 24 would engage the upper ends of the arms30 one. after the other and the coaction of each finger 25 with an arm 30 would cause' theratbhet-Whe to be moved around one stepso that t e shaft 35 would be rotateda tot al of eiglity one steps. lVhen'the idler-gear'22 i multiplying position in which it is shown jgg 15, ltiand have: been positioned'in ac cordance'wit h the digitsof the multiplipand,

then when "a 'key of the key-board corre-w. .spon'din'g ,to-a digit of'the multiplier is de-- pressed. the. rotational movement which, as above descrlbed; is given toshaft 1 is comthe members .24 on the latter shafts cause actuated a number of steps commensurate with the product of the multiplier and theappropriatedigitof the multiplieand'.

' Eacli'ofthe'shafts has a bevel gear 37 1,2 and 8) secured upon the rear end thereof. Each of thesebevel gears adapt ed to mesh with and to drive either one of two bevel' gears 38 and 39 upon a sleeve 41.0 which is rotatable upon a shaft 41 extend ing transversely of the machine. The sleeve 4-0 is held against axial movement upon shaft ll by collars 42. A pinion 43 is segear 38. Normally. that is when the machine is used for either additionor multiplication, the several gears 38 mesh with their respective gears 3'7 and the gears I) are out of mesh with their respective gears. 31 as shown in Fig. 1. When it is desired to use the machine for operations in subtraction the gears 38 and 35.! are moved axially a; as to carry the gears 39 into mesh with the gears 37 and the gear-$338" out ,-f.' mesh with the gears 37. 'lhis is effected by means of an operating lever -l-l .whitfh is pivotally mounted'upo i the frame of the machine and at its rear end is bifurcated ithe bifurcated ends extending into a c umferential groove formed in a member 45. which is secured upon shaft 4d. hen lever l tis moved about its pivot itmoves the shaft 41 in thedirection of axis and the shaft carries 3 with it'th'e several, sli'ieves each with a pair of gears 38 a-nd39' secured thereon. This having been done. rotation of any shaft ill'cause rotation of the sleeves 40 corresponding theretoiin a direction opposite to that iriwhi'ch the sleeve was rotated by aft 35 When'thegear was in mesh with the gear 37. I l i v V 3 Each with age-a1; 46 rid all of the gears 46 are elif njionnttul upon a shaft 4? which is s1 rablv fsupporttal in a carriage 48. This airi iiige is nioiinted for movementv transwhen of the machine upon rods 4-8) which if s through oiie'nings 50 in the carriage 48.

municated to the shafts 15,16 and}? and cured upon sleeve 40 adjacent to the bevel spring or other ,ilriving device ehown (lia ri'annnatieall v' at;3l HI Fig. 1 moves escapement such as that shown in Fig. 14. Referring to thelatter figure it will be seen that frat-melt; has a sto i barf secured to the lower edge thereof. ,lVith this barroacts a pallet 53 pivotally mounted at and actuated inone directionljiy a spring'55. A depending arm of this pallet is adapted to be engaged and raised. by the inner end of a lever 56 (Fig. 2). This lever is piv otally inon'nted uponthe base of the (instrument andat' its pfOTWitI'd end is pivotally connec-ted by a link 57 to a lever 58, the latter being pivotally mounted upon an ear projecting from the frame of the instrument. The forward end of the lever 58 is provided With a, stop-tooth 60 which normally projects under the bar 5. Vhen the bar 5 is depressed the stop-tooth 60 is turned on its pivot against the tension of its spring but the lever 58 is not. moved thereby. On a return movement of the universal bar 5 actuated by its spring, the bar engages the stop-tooth 60 and raises it, and since that tooth may not be raised Without actuating the lever :58, thelatter isgturned about its pivot and thereby rocks thelcver 56 Whoserear end engages the depending end of-the pallet and rocks the latter against the tension o-fits spring. This carries the toot-h of the pallet out of engagement with the tooth of the stop-bar 52 and a lateral pro jection- (31 of the pallet engages the stopbar so as to retard the movement of the carriage. The carriage being released by the pallet 53, is moved by its spring 51 upon the rods 49 until the next tooth of thestopbar 52 comes into engagement with the tooth, of the pallet 53 whereupon movement of the carriage is arrested. The movement of the carriage in this "Way earries all of the gears 46 one. step to the. right'fsq thateach gear 46 is. carried out ofengagement with thepinion 43 with which it had been in'mes'h and, the next heel 46 to the left. is carried intomesh with that pinion.

,Referring now to Figs. 1 and 4 to 7, it will be seen that the gear-{Hiattheright has a cylinder 62 secured thereto or formed integral therewith and that on the exterior surface "this cylinder are printed one or niore seriesof numbers from zero to i) inclusive; The side face of the member constituting the gear 4.6 and number-Wheel (i2? fermed to constitute a cam for effecting the carrying from one denomination to the next highenone. This cam is provided with eneraisedportion for each series of numbers from zero ,to 9 upon thesurface of the numberwheel. One of these raised portions is shownat (33 in Fig. On an arm projecting frc n the frame of the carriage pivotally mounted .alever (34- .ivh'ose outer end is adapted to engage and be operated by the cam projections 133. A spring 5 times in engagement with the cam. The

end of'lever 64 opposite that which bears upon cam 63 is bifurcated and each of the"- bifurea'te'd Yends is 'connectedloy a link -66 to one end of a link 671wh ose opposite end is pivotally connectedto on'e end of a rod 68. The pivot-pins connecting the links 67; i to the rods68 are extended and-enter slots 65), between pieces secured to the frame of the carriage so that the rods68 are caused to move in astraight line. At their outer ends the two rods 68 are supported upon a strip 69 in. the manner indicatedinFig. 5,

the rods 68 being provided with lengthwise slots through which extend screws 70 whose ends enter the strip 69. Each of the rods 68, carries a .pawl 71. The second. gear 46 from the right hand side of the machine is provided, as shown in Fig. 4, with a number-bearing surface 62and a cam '63. A shield 72 is provided for the number-bearing surface 62 of this wheel, this shield having'a cylindrical portion which 'incloses the portion 62 and which is provided with an opening large-enough to disclose one number upon the surface 62. The-shield72 is carried by a sleeve 73 (Figs. 4, 6 and 7) which sleeve -is axially movable upon a sleeve 74 on shaft 47. Sleeve 73, however, cannot, rotate relatively to sleeve 74% a screw 75 passes through a slot in the sleeve 7 3 and enters the sleeve 74. This screw 7 5 passes through the hub of a pinion 76. The three members '76, 73 and 74 are therefore caused to rotate in unison but slerve 73 can at any time move axially with respect to.

- sleeve 74 and pinion 76. The sleeve 73 serves as a support for a member77 which is secured thereon and which is provided with a circumferential groove. Sleeve 74 is a spacer for adjacent gears 46 and additionally holds the gears 76. against axial movement,

The sleeve 73; transmits the axial movement of shields 72 to the memher A 77. This movement of shield 72 is efiected by the cam projections on the cam 63'which are engaged by rollers 7 8 secured to-the interiorof the shield, there being one cam projection or one pair of diametricallyopposite cam pro ections on cam 63 for each Series of numbers on the surface 62. The

gear 76 is engaged and operated by the pawl 71; as'above described and when lit doesso move'it carries with it the sleeve 73 d shield- 72.

The parts so far described serve tocarry 'over from the lowest denomination to.- the next higher one. A stationary;shield r79 is provided in'closing or. partially lnclosingthe portion 62 ofthefirst wheel 46 havingthe ;nun'1bers thereon and in thisshl'eld is an opening disclosing one number only. When the. rotation'of this wheel carries the 9 5 past the opening in the shield, a projection 63 actuates lever 64 which in turn operates :through the opening in the shield.

of the strips 68- to actuate the gear 76 adjacent to the second wheel. 46,-that is, the

wheel of the next higher denomination, and

the pawl actuates gear 76 a distance equal to one'tooth of that gear. In so rotating,

gear 76 carries with it the shield 72 and the shield is thus Y number next higher or next lower than the one which had previously been disclosed. The carrying of the tens from the lowest denominational wheel to the next higher, wheel is thus effected. In carrying ,from the second wheel to the third one, the construction is slightly dilferent but the operation is substantially the same. When the second wheel is turned, either by the carrying mechanism heretofore described, or by the pinion 43 nieshin with that ear 46 so as to carr Y the 9 on the"number-surface of the wheel past the opening in the shield 72, the projection or projections on the cam surface 63 engage the roller or rollers 78 and move the shield axially a'short distance and then permit it to return to its former position I under the stress of a spring 80; This axial 'movementof shield 72 carries wlth it the sleeve 73 and'member 77. The circumferential groove in the member 77 receives studs onthe bifurcated ends of a lever 81. which is similar in a general way to the lever .64. This lever 81 vis .mounted for rocking-movement upon a rod 82 carried by arms projecting from the frame 48 of the carriage; At its end distant from the member 77 it is bifurcated and each of the bifurcated ends is connected by links 66 and 67 to pawl-carrying rods 68 similar to those shown in Fig. 5 and above described. By means of these connecting members, the

actuate the pawl-ca'rryingrods 68 which operate the gear 76 correspond ng to the wheel of'the next higher denomination so that the carrying over is properly effected. When shield 72 and sleeve 9 move axiallythus, they in :no way affect the position ofthe gear 76. mounted on the sleeve va s. the gear 76 is held from axial movement its connection to the sleeve 74 through the pin 7 5.

oved so that it discloses the axial movement of shield 78 is? caused to As heretofore stated, the huter; ends 'of each pair of rods 68 are supportedby a strip 69 and all. ofthe several strips '69 are suspended fromarod'83 (Fig.2 5) extending between suitable supports upon the frame ofthe carriage; I The videda'with-slots in their upper ends through -Wlll0h tl16 rod 83-extends. The lower ends of thestripso69 have extensions .84. thereon which pass through openingsin a bar, 8!)

strips 69 are allproforming part of the frame of the carriage.

,Eaohof these. extensions has-a? springcoiled thereon and under compressiombetween the bar 85 and a nut on-the extension 84. The upper end of each strip GQ is-turinedet a right angle as shown at 8.6 and thisbent portion-of each strip is adaptedsto beengaged by a ca1n87 secured-ontherod'83 which rod is adapted to have a rocking movement in the bearings whichisupportit.

' At its end rod isprovided \Vith .9.11 operating handle as shownv at 88 in5Fig. 2.

With the parts in the positions in which they are shown in Fig. 5, thefpawl 71 on the upper rod 68 is in coaction withthegear 76 but the pawl on the lower rod'6 8 is out of coaction With gee-r 76. i -11151113 be the pocoaction with those gears so as to adapt the machine for addition or multiplication. \Vhe'n the strips (39 and-rods 68 are so raised they iivill be held by the cams 87, or, if desired, an impositivestop 89 (Fig.5) may be provided for holding the strips 69 so raised.

The operation of the ina'chine has been described in connection rvviththe foregoing description of the construction employed. It itbfe desired to use the machine for addition, the handles 21 and 88 are moved to the proper positionsand the cylinder 24 on the rod 1 is moved forward until its o-per ating handle is at the position marked 1 \Vhen so positioned, the first projection 25 on cylinder 24 Will be in position to engage a pawl-carryingarm 30-but,no other projection will bein position to actuate a pawl-carrying am. If a-key. of the keyboard be depressed theshaft 1 will be rotated a number of revolutions equal to the value of the key depressed but the shafts l5. 16, etc, will not be rotated as the gear 18 is out of mesh with the first idler-gear 22. As shaft 1 is so rotated, the rear-most pawlearryingarm'30-is actuated once durin each revolution of shaft land when so actu ated,.turns=the ratchet-wheel-Elfi and the shaft-'35-;oniavhich it: iscmounted one step.

lhe shaft-35 is thus advanced a number of stepsequal tohthe value: of the key depressed. This rotational movement is communicated by the gears 37, 38 and 43 .to the gear 46 so that thegear 46 is advanced an amount commensurate .with the value of the 'key depressed. If .at the beginning ofthe 1'60 operation the 0 .,on the number. surIae tJQ had shown through the-openingin the shield 79, then after the depression of the key the numberaon the surface (32 corresponding to thenumber on the key depressed would show through the opening in shield 7 9. v As the key is raised after beingreleas'ethjt actuates the escapement mechanism through the parts 60, 58, 57 and 56 (Figl 2) and ,allovvs the carriage with tall the numberwheels thereon to move one step to the right. This brings the nextwheel 46 into :meslmvith the first, pinion i3 and the second digit from the right of the number which is to be registered may be registered by the depression of the key corresponding thereto. In this way the whole number may be' setup and the carriage moved to the rjghtlonestep after each key is depressed. The carriage may then be returned mannal'ly to-its initial position with the first .avheel inmesh with the first gear $3. .The next numberto be added may then be registered. If in registering any digit, of the vsecond number,the total of that digit and the number previously registered uponthe wheelw-hich is then in mesh with the pinion 43 exceed; ten, then the carrying mechavnismvwi'll operate in the manner above described carrying over one to the next higher denomination.

If it be desired-to use the machine for subtraction, the handle 21 and the several operating levers 28 are left in, the position to Whichthey havebeen moved for addition andthe handles 41 and 88 are open ated. :Movement of handle 44 carries the gears 38 out of mesh with the gears 37 and the gears 39 into mesh with the gears 37 so that the;ro-tation of shaft will cause rotation of thenumber-Wheels in: the op 'iosite direction. Also, by reason of the shifting lof the several pairs of rods 68,-,the lower pa-Wls 71 Will be carried out of eoaction with the gears 76 and the upper pawls 71 will be carried into coaction Withthe gears 76 so that the carrying mechanism ,Wlll operate to cause-reverse rotation of the several numher-wheels. The operation is then protceeded withinthe manner heretofore dcscnibed in connection with the operation of addition.

To; adapt thelmachine tor multiplying, themhandles/Mrv and-88 are moved to the posi :tions which they occupy when using the tmach-inefor addition and the handle 21 is moved to the position Which'carries gear 18 into mesh with the first idler 22. The multiplica-nd is thenset up by moving the hendles 2S and with them the cylinders 24 tor \vardly to the positions corresponding to the digits of the number constituting the multiplicand. The digit at the right of the multiplier is then registered by depressing the .key appropriate thereto. -On such depression; the shafts 1,.15, 16,;17. etc.,-are caused ;to rotate; through a numliidof revolutions equalto the value of the key depressed and in so doing each of theseshafts causes rota- :tion of the ad acent shafi 35 commensurate with; theproduct ofthe number on. the de-- by placingnpon .each number-wheel several next number-wheel to the right.

.the 9-key, had been depressed, then the first sha tt 35 would be. caused to rotate a distance equal to 81 steps of the movement communicated to the shaft by the pawls 33 and the ratchet 36. As the several shafts 35 rotate thus connnensurate with the productof the inultiplicand and the first digit of the multiplier. each shaft austes rotation of the nu inber-wheel corresponding thereto through.

the gearing 3T, and 13. for the necessity of carrying tens to the next higher denomination, this operation-would result in displaying theproduct oi? the inultiplica tion by the nu1nber-be:-\ring surfaces of the severalnumberheels as seen through the openings in the shields. The carrying is effected by moving the shields one step at a tune as may be required by the carrying operation in a direction opposite tothatin which the number-wheels are moved. Thus,

as the first wheel. is rotated, each time the,

9 thereon passes beyond the opening in the cor *esponding shield, the carrying mechanism operates, as above described, 10 turn the shield of the next adjacent numberwheel one step in a direction opposite to that in which the nuinbergwlieel correspond-,' ing thereto is moved. The-whole operation therefore results in giving the product of themultiplication by displaying the digits making up this product through the open ings in the several shields of the numberwheels. After the return of the key to its normal position, the carriage moves one step to the rih'ht and each number-wheel thereon is carried into engagement with the gear 43 which previously had been engaged by the The key is then selected which corresponds to the second digit from the right oi theinultiplier and this key is depressed, resulting in actuation of the number-Wheels in the nanner before described. By reason ofthe shifting of the carriage one step to the right, the parts. will he in position forregistering the multiplication of the 'Inultiplicand hy the seconddigit the right ofthe multiplier. The operation proceeds in this'way until the final product is obtainedfi Using the construction above described,

the digits constituting the product wouldnot be in line across themachine. The facility witlh -,which the product may be read,-

even omega. the diqit thereof are not in line across the machine, niaybe increased series of numbers from zero to nine." For lnstance, three such series of nuinhers may follow each other around each numben wheel. In such case, the casingof the ma That is if the of the nuinbernv si 'ht oienin stherethrounl'l and thrcecarn n o a U projections} 01' pairs of cam-projections would be"'p'rovid-ed on each numbenwhecl for act-uatinggj-thev carrying mechanism.

The inachin'e' m y be provided with any suitable niechanisn iorleti'ectir eels to the zero position.

9 to J nclusive .l. .11 ave illustrated In F1 a i return inodificationiof theconstruction above described. The f "ncipal differencebetween this construction and-the one shown in Figs.

1 to 8 isthat the product of a n'i'ulti-plication is displayed bythe number-wheels with the digits thereott 1n line across the machine.

Figs. 9 to 13 show a modified construction of the carriage and the carrying mechanism. Each of the shafts other than the one at the right, which shafts are each rotated anumber of steps commensurate with the product of a multiplication, is extended back through its rear bearing and on its rear end carries an arm on which two springactuated pawls 91- and 92 are mounted. These pawls engage ratchet wheels. 93 and formed integral with a bevel-gear 99. This gear may mesh with either at two bevelgears and 101 secured upon a sleeve 102 which is loose on a shaft 97 and which carries a spur-gear 103. Means are provided for holding the ratchet wheels 93 and 94: against movement axially upon or with the shaft 95. Any suitable inechanisnimay be employed for this purpose. lugs I have shown each pawl 91 and. 92 as In the drawprovided with extensions 12]. which embrace the corresponding ratchet wheel and in that prevent axial movement of the wheel while permitting rotational movement thereof.- The shaft 95 is supported at one end by a pin 11 1 on the end of shaftBif which pin enters. an axial opening in the end of shaft- 95. spring is coiled about pin 114 between the ends of shafts and 95. The opposite end of shaft. 95 is supported by and passes through a bearing 122. This shaft is provided with two ingrooves therein, the two grooves being clined or s irally arranged slot-s01 116 and 11 oppositely inclined. The ratchet-wheel 93 has a pin 118 thereon entering the groove lliiand the ratchebwheel 94 has a. pin 119 thereon entering the groove 117. For the first shaft 35 at the right of the machine it is unnecessary to provide ratchet wheels-9:1

and 94 and an axially inorable shaft 95 as it is unnecessary to provide carrying mechanism which carries to" this shaft-35:;-

' vInstead, this shaft at the right of the ma the machine, the gear 1041 moves from one these levers is connected by a link 112 with;

the carriage and adapted to engage the end:

these two levers when in either one of its;

'gears 96, 98, 99, 100, 103, 10 1 and 105.

109, turning with that number-wheel, actu-.

chine may be extended backwardly, "as indicatedin Fig. 10, and may carry on its rear end a gear 90 which engages with and drives the gear 98. F or all of the other shafts 35, however, a construction such as that illus trated in Fig. 9 isprovided. Tlhecarriage is shown at 123, it being arranged for trans verse movement upon rods 19,- as heretofore described. On the frame of the carriage is mounted a shaft 106 which forms support for a plurality of number-wheels 107 each of which is secured to a gear 105. Each gear 105 meshes with a gear 104 carried by a shaft 108 which is mounted on the frame of the carriage. The gear 101- is secured on a sleeve 120 which has a cam 109 secured thereon. The sleeve 120 is held against movement axially on shaft 108 by collars 124:. The gear 104 on the carriage meshes with the gear 103 above referred to, and as the carriage is stepped along transversely of gear 103 to the next, step by step. 'A gear- 104 with its cotiperating cam 19 and a number-wheel 107 driven by the gear 104 are provided on the carriage for each nn-j mericnl order. In cooperation with eachl cam 109 devices are provided on the carriage; for operating the mechanism of the denominational order next higher than that one which drives the gear 10t'corresponding to; thatcam 109. Mounted upon the carriage in position for coactuation with each cam; 109 are two levers 110 and 111. Each of a member 113 movable UJOH the frame of l of a shaft 95. It will be noted that the link 112 is connected to the lever 110 above the; pivot ofthat lever and the other link 112 is? connected to the lever 111 below the pivot; of that levernf The upper ends of these two; levers are engaged and operated by the cam; 109 but thecam can operate onlyv one of operative positions;

'ith the constructionillustrated in Figs. 9 to 13, when the shafts 35am actuated in; the manner heretofore described, ithe rotation of each shaft 35 is transmitted to the number-wheel 107 corresponding therewith through *the arm 90, pawl 92, ratchet 94,

\Vlien' any number-wheel passes from the 9" to the zero posit-ion thereon, the cam ates one of the levers 110 and 111. AssumJ ing that cam 109 be in position on shaft 108 Z for cooperation with lever \110, the projection on the cam will move lever 110 about: the pivot of the latter and'wi-ll act through the link 110 to move the member 113 toward i the shaft 95. The member 113 when so? moved engages the end of shaft 95 and? moves. that shaft against the tension of movement of gear 93, however, is precluded by the pawl 91 and therefore, instead ofgear 93 being moved backwardly, the shaft 95 1s moved forwardly, The shaft 95 when so htdd t-io-nally, the gear 9 1 is rotated forwardly moved carries the-gear" 9-1 with it.

upon shaft 95 by the movement of pin 119, i

in the inclined slot 117. The total effect of the movement of shaft 95 relatively to gear 9% carrying the gear 94 with it, and the movement of gear 94: on shaft 95-, caused by the two inclined slots, is to advance the gear 94 one step. This movement of one step is transmitted to the nuinlxir-wheel 107 by the gearing actuated by gear 96. Innnediately after the cam 109 releases the lever 110, the latter and the parts actuated thereby including the shaft 95, are moved back to their normal positions by the spring 115, As this occurs the movement of the pin 119 in the slot 117 tends to cause reverse rotation, of the ratchet 9 1 but such rotation of ratchet 91 is precluded by the pawl 92. Therefore, instead of the gear 91 being rotated, the shaft 95 is rotated carrying with it the gear 93, the latter rotating in the forward direction, and additionally the gear 93 is caused to rotate upon shaft 95 by the inclined slot 116. This movement of the gear 93 is effected Without in any way operating the gear leading to the number-wheel 107. Preferably, a spring 125 is provided for returning lever' 110 and member 113 to normal position independently of the spring 11:"). Thus each time the number-wheel actuated by one shaft passes from the nine to the zero position, it operates through the cam 109 corresponding thereto and the link and member 113 actuated by that cam, to impart an addii tional impulse to thegearing for driving the number-wheel of the nexthigher order,

This is effected by causing axial movement of the short shaft 95 forward and back and thus causing the ratchet 94 and gear 96 to move forward one step, that is a. distance sufficient to' cause the n11inber-wlieel driven thereby to turn a distance represented by one number thereon. hen the shaft 95 is moved forward, it turns ratchet 9&, but as it moves back, theratchet is held by-its paw-1 and the ratchet 93 only is moved. This ratchet, however, is not connected in the train of gearing leading to a number-Wheel. Each number-wheel 107 has acam 109 associated therewith except t-he'last oneat the left of the machine and for each cam 109' thereis a i'fiember 113 actuated by links 110 and 111 which are engaged by the cam.

During the operation of the machine the carriage is moved to the right, step by step,

as heretofore described. Each step move ment of the carriage carries the several members 113 from positions opposite certain shafts 95 to positions opposite the next shaftsto the right. To adapt the machine for operations in subtraction instead of ad- .dition or multiplication, the shafts 91 and 108 are moved axially a short distance in their hearings on the carriage, carrying with them the gears 100,101, 103 and 104 and cams 109. This carries gears 100 out of mesh with gears 09 and gears 101 into mesh with gears 99; Also, this movement carries all the cams 109 out of coaction With the lovers 110 and into coaction with the levers 111.

' verses the direction in which the numberwheels are driven by the shafts 35. This reverses the direction in which the cam 109 is driven but the cam is in position for coac tionv with a lever which is inclined at the angle appropriate for operation by the cam. if desired, a lever may be employed in place of the lovers 110 and 111 which'will be operated by cam 109 when the latter is rotating in either direction. Thus a bellc filllli levermay be. employed having a horizontal area carrying a roller engaged by the (am. The opposite end of the bell-crank would be arranged to move shaft 95 in any suitable manner.

Having described my inventioii,.what I' Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A- calculating machine comprisingthe con'ibmation of a plurality of independently- 111()\'ill')l( setting devices which may be indepeudentlv positioned simultaneously to rep resent a number consisting of a plurality of digits and constituting a multiplicand, a series of depressible number-keys, a series of number-wheels, and means operated by the depression of any one of the number-keys for operating the number-wheels to position them in accordance with the product of said innlti'plicand consisting of a plurality of' digits and the value-of the depressed key.

, 2*. A calculating.machine comprising the combination of movable setting devices which may be independently positioned simultaneously to register a number consisti'ng' of a plurality of digits and constituting 5a -inultiplicand, a plurality of depressible keys. a plurality of number-wheels, carrying mechanism for carrying from one numberwheel to the wheel of next higher deiioinination and means operated by the depression ofanyone of said keys tot-operating the nun'iber-wheel's to position them in accordance with the product of said multiplicand consistingof. a plurality of digits and the 'value of the depressed key. 1 '3.- A calculating machine comprising the The shafting of the gears thus restantially as set forth. v i 5. A calculatingmachine comprising the combination of setting means for setting up a number consisting of a plurality of digits, aplurality of number-wheels, a plurality of Ike s and means actuated b i a siiwle (le I a v pression of a key for actuating said wncels to cause them to indicate the product of said number consisting of a plurality of digits and thenumber of the key depressed, substantially as set forth.

4. A calculating machine comprising the 4 combination of means for setting up a numcombination of a plurality of independently movable set-ting devices which may-be independently positioned s multaiieouslyito rep-Z I resent a number consisting of a. plurality of digits and constituting a multiplicand, a

1 series of depressible number-keys, a series of iiumber-'\vheels, a movable carriage on which the number-wheels are mounted, means operated by the depressionof any one of the number-keys for, operating the number-K...

wheels in accordance With the product of saidmultiplicand consisting of aplurality of digits and the value of the depressed key, and means cont-rolled bythe depressionof a number-key for causing movement of said carriage.

6. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a plurality of independently.-

movable setting devices which may be independently positioned simultaneously so as to represent a number consisting of a plurality of digits, a series of number-keys, a

plurality of number-wheels, and means operated by any one of said number-keys for actuating the number-wheels to indicate the product of the number consisting of the plurality of digits represented by said set-' ting devices and the number represented by the key operated, substantially as set forth; 7. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a plurality of keys, a plurality of shafts, means for operating said shafts amounts dependent upon the'value of selected keys, a movable setting device in the connection from' said means to said shafts and controlling the extent of operation of said shafts when actuated by said means, and a plurality of number-Wheels connected to said shafts, substantially as set forth.

8. A calculating machine comprisingj'thd combination ofa plurality of keys, a plu lity 0f shafts, means actuated by th 3,5

pression of any key for actuating'on'e of said shafts, a setting device movable to. any i position and determining by; its position the extent actuation of a shaft when a key is between said number wheels, substantially as set forth. i a 10. A calculatiugmachine comprising the combination of a shaft, an operating device for rotating said shaft, a setting member on said shaft and movable to various positions,

' a second shaft operated when said firstactuated by the depression of any key for rotating said shaft, a setting member on said shaft and movable to various positions,

number-wheel actuated by said named shaft is rotated in accordance with the rotatiorr of the first-named shaft and the position of said settin member, and a number-wheel actuated y said second shaft, substantially as set forth.

11. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a shaft, a row of keys, means asecond shaft operated when said firstnamed' shaft is rotated in accordance with the rotation of the first-named shaft and the position of said setting member, and a shaft, substantially as set forth,

12. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a plurality of shafts, a number wheel connected to each of said shafts, carrying mechanism between said number wheels, an operating device, and means actuated by the operating device for operating all of said shafts simultaneously independentlyof the carrying mechanism, substantially as set 'forth.

13. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a plurality of shafts, a plurality of keys for selecting a number, a plurality of setting devices which may be positioned simultaneously forselectinga second number consisting of a plurallty of digits, means for operating said shafts in accordance with the product of the numbersso selected, and a number wheel connected to each of said shafts, substantially as de-- scribed. p

14. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a plurality of shafts, a number wheel connected to each shaft, carrying second 15. calculating machine comprising the combination of a shaft, a plurality of keys,

means for rotating said shaft in accordance with the value of a selected key, a second shaft, selective means for transmitting the rotation of the first shaft to the second shaft, and a number-wheel connected to the second shaft, substantially as set forth.

16. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a shaft, a plurality of keys, means for rotating said shaft in accordance with the value of a selected key, a second shaft, a member movable on the first shaft and controlling by its position the rotation of the second shaft by the first, and a number-wheel connected to the second shaft, substantially as set forth.

17. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a plurality of shafts, keyc'ontrolled devices for actuating all of said shafts, setting devices movable on said shafts, and number-wheels actuated by said setting devices, substantially as set forth.

18. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a plurality of shafts, keyvices which may be independently positioned simultaneously for setting up another, number consisting of a plurality of digits, a plurality of number wheels, and

means operated by the depression of said keys for actuatingsaid wheels to cause them to indicate the product of said numbers with the digits of the product in line upon said wheels. H

20. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a plurality of shafts, keycontrolled devices for actuating all of said shafts in unison in accordance with the value of a selected number, setting devices movable to select a second number consisting of a plurality of digits and to control the actuation of said shafts, and indicating mechanism including number-wheels and carrying mechanism actuated by said shafts for indicating the product of said numbers with said digits in line upon said wheels, substantially as set forth.

21. A calculating machine comprising the combination of setting means which may be independently positioned simultaneously for setting up a number, a plurality of number-wheels, carrying mechanism between said wheels, a plurality of keys, and means actuated by the degression Ofifl? key for to e. 9

actuating said whee dicate the product of said number and the number of the key depressed with the digits of theproduot in line upon said wheels, substantially as set forth.

22. A calculating machine comprising the a combination of a driven shaft, a second a pin and-slot connection between said se c- 0nd shaft and each of said ratchet wheels,

the said slots being oppositely inclined on said shaft, automatically actuated devices for moving said second shaft axially, and a number-Wheel driven by one of said ratchetwheels, substantially as set forth.

23. A calculating machine comprising the combination of'a plurality of setting means which are independently movable simulta-Q neously for setting up anumber, a plurality" of keysv for selecting another number, a c

plurality of number-wheels, a movable carriage on which said wheels are mounted,

operating means for actuatin said wheels to cause them to indicate theproduct of said numbers, and means for effecting movement of said carriage after each actuation of the operating means, substantially as. set forth.

24. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a plurality of setting means which are independently movable simultaneously for setting up a number, a row of keys, a plurality of number-wheels, a movable carriage on which the number-wheels are mounted, means actuated by the depression of a key for actuating a number-wheel an amount dependent on the value of the key depressed and the position of a setting means, and means for effecting movement'of said carriage each time a key is depressed, substantially as set forth. 7

25. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a plurality of set-ting means which are independently movable simultaneously for setting up a number.- a row of keys, a plurality ofnumber-wheels, a movable carriage on which the number-wheelsare mounted, means actuatedby the depression of any-key for operatingthe number.- wheels to cause them to indicate the prod= not of tlienumber set up by said setting means and the valueof the dep'ressed key and means for effecting movement of the carriage each' time a key is depressed, sub.- stantiallyas setforth. a

. 26. A calculating machine comprising "the combination of a plurality of shafts, a plu-- rality of keys, means for operating said shafts in accordance with the value ofvdepressed keys, gears on said shafts, a plural-.1 ity of number-wheels actuated by said-gears. a carriage on which the number-whee s are, mounted, and means for moving the carliage, substantially as set forth.

27'. A calculating machine comprising the combination of a plurality of shafts, a row of keys operable to rotze said shafts, setting means movable on said shafts, a plurality ently"movable similtaneously for setting up a number con sting-of a plurality of digits, said devices controlling the operation of said mechanisms, means for selecting a second number, and operating devices fo operating said actuating mechanisms inaccordance with the product ofsaid numbers, substantially as set 29. A calculating machine comprising the combination .of aplurality of number- Wheels, a plurality of actuating mechanisms connected thereto, carrying mechanism between the number-wheels, setting devices for setting up a number consisting 'of a plurality of digits, said devices controlling the operation of saidmec hanisms, a plurality of keys, and means actuated byvany one of said keys for simultaneously operatinga plurality of said actuating mechanisms independ ently of the carrying mechanisms, substantially as set forth. I

'mal position without actuating said gear; 125

'30. A calculating machine comprising the rality of independently-movable setting devices which may be moved to set up a numher and which'control the operation ofsaid 'Inechanisms, substantially as setforth.

31. In a calculating machine, the combi-l nation of aplurality of shafts and a 'plural ity of number-Wheels, geared theretov and driven thereby, the gearing betWeen 'each' shaft and its number-wheel including an auxiliary shaft, a gear thereon, meansactuiliary' 'sha'ft axially,'m eans including an mclined groove in said shaft and a pin on'said gear entering the. groove forrotating the gear independently of theauiriliary shaft whenthe latter is moved axiallyljfantl means,

" ated by a number-wheel for moving; the aux;

for returning said auxiliaryshaft to its norsubstantially as setforth;

In a calculating machihe, the combi nation of a plurality of'slia-fts and" a pluralv ity" of number-wheels; geared thereto and a plurality of said'mechanisms, and-a plu- I driven thereby, the gearing between each i i-izii position without actuating said gear, 10 shift and its number-Wheel including an snbstani'iaily as set forth. auxiliary shaft, a gear thereon, means actu- This specification signed and witnessed. nl'ed by a number-Wheel for moving the this 26th day of January, 1912.

auxiliznry shaft axially, means actuated by 1 the axial movement of the auxiliary shaft iii EDVARD DE FORLSL one direction for rotating said gear indepenuently of the auxiliary shaft, and means for returning the auxiliaiy sh ft to its ini- \Vitneses I" MOINTOSH, J. F. COLLINS.

.Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

